Unix ops lab

Terminal basics

Orientation, paths, hidden files, and command history.

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01 Terminal basics Navigation

Map the training server, learn where you are, and move through directories.

Beginner 8 minutes · pwd, ls, cd, cat
02 Terminal basics Paths and shortcuts

Practice absolute paths, relative paths, dot, dot-dot, and home shortcuts.

Beginner 7 minutes · cd, pwd, ls
03 Terminal basics Hidden files

Use long and all listings to reveal dotfiles and read shell startup notes.

Beginner 7 minutes · ls -la, cat, stat
04 Terminal basics Command history

Run a few safe commands, review history, and clear the display without resetting state.

Beginner 6 minutes · echo, history, clear
05 Terminal basics Manual pages

Use simulated manual pages to learn command intent before running tools.

Core 6 minutes · man, help
06 Terminal basics Command locations

Use which to understand how shells find commands.

Core 6 minutes · which
07 Terminal basics Environment variables

Inspect a simulated environment without exposing real browser or server secrets.

Core 7 minutes · env, echo, pwd
08 Terminal basics System identity

Inspect simulated kernel, hostname, and clock output.

Core 6 minutes · uname, hostname, date
09 Terminal basics Identity context

Use identity commands before interpreting permissions and logs.

Core 6 minutes · whoami, id, groups
10 Terminal basics Option patterns

Compare short flags and long listings in a safe directory.

Core 7 minutes · ls, man
11 Terminal basics Safe movement

Move between root, etc, and home while checking location.

Core 7 minutes · cd, pwd
12 Terminal basics Quoted paths

Create and list a path that contains a space.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, touch, ls
13 Terminal basics Output redirection

Write simple command output into a safe lab file.

Core 7 minutes · echo, cat
14 Terminal basics Reset the lab

See the difference between local changes and resetting the lab environment.

Core 6 minutes · touch, reset, ls
15 Terminal basics Printf formatting

Use printf for predictable terminal output.

Core 8 minutes · printf, wc
16 Terminal basics Path components

Split paths into filenames and directories.

Core 8 minutes · basename, dirname, pwd
17 Terminal basics Link targets

Create and inspect a symbolic link target.

Core 8 minutes · ln, readlink, stat
18 Terminal basics Existence checks

Use test to reason about files and directories.

Core 8 minutes · test, stat, cat
19 Terminal basics Command composition review

Combine printing, tee, and reading a local note.

Core Checkpoint 8 minutes · printf, tee, cat
20 Terminal basics Terminal checkpoint

Review location, identity, and command memory.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · pwd, hostname, uname, history
21 Terminal basics Manual depth review

Use manual pages and command paths before running unfamiliar tools.

Core 8 minutes · man, which
22 Terminal basics Option reading habits

Compare option-heavy commands without changing state.

Core 8 minutes · ls, ssh, scp
23 Terminal basics Terminal recovery

Recover orientation after clearing output or getting lost.

Core 8 minutes · clear, pwd, help
24 Terminal basics Quoted path habits

Use quotes when filenames contain spaces.

Core 8 minutes · touch, ls, stat
25 Terminal basics Command anatomy review

Separate a command name, its options, and its target before pressing Enter.

Beginner 8 minutes · man, which, ls
26 Terminal basics Option reading drill

Use help output before applying search options to a log.

Beginner 8 minutes · man, grep, history
27 Terminal basics Quoted paths with spaces

Use quotes so a path containing spaces remains one argument.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, touch, ls
28 Terminal basics Escaped spaces

Use a backslash to keep an escaped space inside one path argument.

Core 8 minutes · touch, file, realpath
29 Terminal basics Builtins and executable paths

Compare shell builtins with commands found on PATH.

Core 8 minutes · type, which
30 Terminal basics Output capture contract

Print a predictable marker, capture it, and read it back.

Core 8 minutes · printf, tee, cat
31 Terminal basics Absolute and relative path report

Resolve relative names into full canonical paths.

Core 8 minutes · pwd, realpath
32 Terminal basics Help before change

Build the habit of reading command guidance and current metadata first.

Core 8 minutes · help, man, stat
33 Terminal basics Terminal recovery sequence

Reorient, review recent work, and clear the display without losing state.

Core 8 minutes · pwd, history, clear
34 Terminal basics Terminal foundations bridge

Checkpoint command lookup, path resolution, output capture, and history.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · type, realpath, tee, history
Command coverage

Commands you will practice here.

help

Show the command list.

pwd

Print the current working directory.

ls [-la] [path]

List lab files and folders.

cd [path]

Change directories inside the lab filesystem.

man <command>

Read a short educational manual page.

which <command>

Locate command paths.

type <command>

Explain whether a command is built in or found on the simulated PATH.

env

Inspect a simulated environment.

uname|hostname|date

Inspect simulated host identity and time.

echo <text>

Print text or write lab notes with >.

printf <text>

Print formatted training text.

mkdir <name>

Create a folder.

touch <file>

Create an empty file.

cat <file>

Print text file contents.

grep [-i] <text> <file>

Find literal text inside a file.

tee <file>

Write piped text to a lab file and keep it on screen.

wc [-l] <file>

Count lines, words, and characters.

file <path>

Identify a simulated file, directory, link, or text format.

realpath <path>

Resolve a path to its canonical simulated location.

basename|dirname <path>

Split paths into file and directory parts.

readlink <link>

Inspect a simulated symbolic link target.

test -e|-f|-d <path>

Check path type in a training-friendly way.

ln -s <target> <link>

Create a simulated symbolic link.

stat <path>

Show lab file details.

whoami|id|groups

Inspect the learner account.

lsof

Show simulated files and sockets opened by services.

ssh|scp|ssh-keygen

Practice SSH inspection and dry-run transfer shapes without network access.

history

Show recent commands.

clear

Clear terminal output.

reset

Reset the lab.