Unix ops lab

Permissions and users

Modes, owners, groups, and sensitive file review.

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01 Permissions and users Permissions

Read and change simulated modes and ownership without risking real files.

Beginner 11 minutes · ls -l, chmod, chown, stat
02 Permissions and users Owners and groups

Practice simulated chown and chgrp changes while checking account context.

Beginner 9 minutes · whoami, groups, chgrp, stat
03 Permissions and users Permission review

Review sensitive training SSH and web files with long listings and metadata.

Beginner 9 minutes · ls -l, stat, grep
04 Permissions and users Numeric modes

Set and inspect numeric file modes.

Admin 8 minutes · chmod, stat, ls
05 Permissions and users Directory modes

Review why private directories use tighter modes.

Admin 7 minutes · chmod, stat, ls
06 Permissions and users Owner review

Change simulated owner and group labels on a web file.

Admin 8 minutes · chown, chgrp, stat
07 Permissions and users Passwd and group files

Read training account and group records.

Admin 7 minutes · cat, grep
08 Permissions and users Sudoers review

Read a simulated sudoers drop-in without granting power.

Admin 7 minutes · cat, grep
09 Permissions and users Public and private files

Compare web-readable and private-note permissions.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, chmod
10 Permissions and users Protected paths

Try a blocked system delete and inspect the protected file.

Admin 6 minutes · rm, stat, whoami
11 Permissions and users Group collaboration

Create a shared lab note and set group-oriented metadata.

Admin Checkpoint 8 minutes · mkdir, touch, chgrp, chmod
12 Permissions and users Temporary directory concept

Inspect simulated /tmp and keep scratch work inside home.

Admin 7 minutes · stat, ls, mkdir
13 Permissions and users Executable scripts

Read and mark a training deploy script executable.

Admin 8 minutes · cat, chmod, ls
14 Permissions and users Sensitive path audit

Find and inspect sensitive configuration paths.

Admin 7 minutes · find, stat
15 Permissions and users Test file types

Check file and directory types before changing modes.

Admin 8 minutes · test, stat
16 Permissions and users Sticky bit review

Inspect shared temporary directory metadata.

Admin Checkpoint 8 minutes · stat, ls
17 Permissions and users Script private mode

Set strict metadata on a script draft.

Admin 8 minutes · touch, chmod, stat
18 Permissions and users Ownership audit

Compare service account ownership across web files.

Advanced 8 minutes · stat, chown, chgrp
19 Permissions and users Link permission review

Review link metadata and target permissions together.

Advanced 8 minutes · ln, readlink, stat
20 Permissions and users Permissions checkpoint

Review modes, groups, ownership, and sensitive paths.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · stat, chmod, chgrp, test
21 Permissions and users SSH directory audit

Review SSH directory and file modes together.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, ls
22 Permissions and users Known hosts review

Inspect known_hosts as sensitive SSH context.

Admin 8 minutes · cat, stat, grep
23 Permissions and users Service user ownership

Compare service users with files they serve.

Admin 8 minutes · cat, stat, grep
24 Permissions and users Shared directory risk

Inspect shared directories before trusting their contents.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, ls, test
25 Permissions and users Sudoers readonly review

Read a limited sudo rule without changing privileges.

Admin 8 minutes · cat, grep, stat
26 Permissions and users Web root mode review

Set and verify public web file permissions.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, chmod, test
27 Permissions and users Group write risk

Spot group ownership before changing modes.

Advanced 8 minutes · chgrp, chmod, stat
28 Permissions and users Least privilege audit

Review identity, service ownership, and sensitive modes.

Advanced 8 minutes · id, stat, grep
29 Permissions and users Directory traversal modes

Set and inspect a directory mode that supports controlled traversal.

Admin 8 minutes · mkdir, chmod, stat
30 Permissions and users Shared group directory

Prepare a group-owned workspace and inspect its collaboration mode.

Admin 8 minutes · mkdir, chgrp, chmod, stat
31 Permissions and users SSH mode matrix

Compare directory and key-file modes used by an SSH account.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, chmod
32 Permissions and users Service account ownership

Relate a web file owner to the identity used by its service.

Admin 8 minutes · stat, id, systemctl
33 Permissions and users Least privilege bridge

Checkpoint ownership, group assignment, and minimum useful modes.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · touch, chown, chmod, stat
Command coverage

Commands you will practice here.

ls [-la] [path]

List lab files and folders.

mkdir <name>

Create a folder.

touch <file>

Create an empty file.

cat <file>

Print text file contents.

grep [-i] <text> <file>

Find literal text inside a file.

find [path] [-name text]

Search lab filesystem paths.

readlink <link>

Inspect a simulated symbolic link target.

test -e|-f|-d <path>

Check path type in a training-friendly way.

ln -s <target> <link>

Create a simulated symbolic link.

rm <file>

Remove one lab file with safeguards.

chmod <mode> <path>

Change a simulated numeric permission mode.

chown <user:group> <path>

Change simulated owner/group labels.

chgrp <group> <path>

Change a simulated file group label.

stat <path>

Show lab file details.

whoami|id|groups

Inspect the learner account.

lsof

Show simulated files and sockets opened by services.

systemctl status <service>

Inspect simulated service status.