ls [-la] [path]
List lab files and folders.
Modes, owners, groups, and sensitive file review.
Read and change simulated modes and ownership without risking real files.
Beginner 02 Permissions and users Owners and groupsPractice simulated chown and chgrp changes while checking account context.
Beginner 03 Permissions and users Permission reviewReview sensitive training SSH and web files with long listings and metadata.
Beginner 04 Permissions and users Numeric modesSet and inspect numeric file modes.
Admin 05 Permissions and users Directory modesReview why private directories use tighter modes.
Admin 06 Permissions and users Owner reviewChange simulated owner and group labels on a web file.
Admin 07 Permissions and users Passwd and group filesRead training account and group records.
Admin 08 Permissions and users Sudoers reviewRead a simulated sudoers drop-in without granting power.
Admin 09 Permissions and users Public and private filesCompare web-readable and private-note permissions.
Admin 10 Permissions and users Protected pathsTry a blocked system delete and inspect the protected file.
Admin 11 Permissions and users Group collaborationCreate a shared lab note and set group-oriented metadata.
Admin Checkpoint 12 Permissions and users Temporary directory conceptInspect simulated /tmp and keep scratch work inside home.
Admin 13 Permissions and users Executable scriptsRead and mark a training deploy script executable.
Admin 14 Permissions and users Sensitive path auditFind and inspect sensitive configuration paths.
Admin 15 Permissions and users Test file typesCheck file and directory types before changing modes.
Admin 16 Permissions and users Sticky bit reviewInspect shared temporary directory metadata.
Admin Checkpoint 17 Permissions and users Script private modeSet strict metadata on a script draft.
Admin 18 Permissions and users Ownership auditCompare service account ownership across web files.
Advanced 19 Permissions and users Link permission reviewReview link metadata and target permissions together.
Advanced 20 Permissions and users Permissions checkpointReview modes, groups, ownership, and sensitive paths.
Capstone Checkpoint 21 Permissions and users SSH directory auditReview SSH directory and file modes together.
Admin 22 Permissions and users Known hosts reviewInspect known_hosts as sensitive SSH context.
Admin 23 Permissions and users Service user ownershipCompare service users with files they serve.
Admin 24 Permissions and users Shared directory riskInspect shared directories before trusting their contents.
Admin 25 Permissions and users Sudoers readonly reviewRead a limited sudo rule without changing privileges.
Admin 26 Permissions and users Web root mode reviewSet and verify public web file permissions.
Admin 27 Permissions and users Group write riskSpot group ownership before changing modes.
Advanced 28 Permissions and users Least privilege auditReview identity, service ownership, and sensitive modes.
Advanced 29 Permissions and users Directory traversal modesSet and inspect a directory mode that supports controlled traversal.
Admin 30 Permissions and users Shared group directoryPrepare a group-owned workspace and inspect its collaboration mode.
Admin 31 Permissions and users SSH mode matrixCompare directory and key-file modes used by an SSH account.
Admin 32 Permissions and users Service account ownershipRelate a web file owner to the identity used by its service.
Admin 33 Permissions and users Least privilege bridgeCheckpoint ownership, group assignment, and minimum useful modes.
Capstone CheckpointCreate a free account to sync completed lessons, XP, streaks, course status, and your next lesson across sessions.
Checking account status...
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Progress sync stores completion IDs, scores, streaks, badges, and game settings. Terminal contents, editor snippets, lab scratch, email, and real names are never published on leaderboards or share cards.
ls [-la] [path]
List lab files and folders.
mkdir <name>
Create a folder.
touch <file>
Create an empty file.
cat <file>
Print text file contents.
grep [-i] <text> <file>
Find literal text inside a file.
find [path] [-name text]
Search lab filesystem paths.
readlink <link>
Inspect a simulated symbolic link target.
test -e|-f|-d <path>
Check path type in a training-friendly way.
ln -s <target> <link>
Create a simulated symbolic link.
rm <file>
Remove one lab file with safeguards.
chmod <mode> <path>
Change a simulated numeric permission mode.
chown <user:group> <path>
Change simulated owner/group labels.
chgrp <group> <path>
Change a simulated file group label.
stat <path>
Show lab file details.
whoami|id|groups
Inspect the learner account.
lsof
Show simulated files and sockets opened by services.
systemctl status <service>
Inspect simulated service status.