Unix ops lab

Files and paths

Create, copy, move, remove, and find files.

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01 Files and paths Files

Create folders and files, then copy, move, and remove lab files carefully.

Beginner 10 minutes · mkdir, touch, cp, mv, rm, find
02 Files and paths Copy and move

Duplicate and rename project files while checking paths before and after.

Beginner 8 minutes · cp, mv, ls, cat
03 Files and paths Safe deletion

Remove a single lab file and learn why wildcards, root, and force deletes are blocked.

Beginner 8 minutes · touch, rm, ls
04 Files and paths Find files

Search the simulated filesystem by root and filename pattern.

Beginner 8 minutes · find, ls, stat
05 Files and paths Directory size map

Combine find, du, and df to reason about storage safely.

Core 8 minutes · find, du, df
06 Files and paths Symbolic links

Create and inspect a simulated symbolic link.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, ln, stat
07 Files and paths Archive basics

Create and list a simulated tar archive.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, tar
08 Files and paths File differences

Compare two training config files before editing either one.

Core 8 minutes · diff, cat
09 Files and paths Checksums

Use deterministic training hashes to verify file identity.

Core 7 minutes · sha256sum, cat
10 Files and paths Rename workflow

Create a report draft and rename it safely.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, touch, mv
11 Files and paths Wildcard safety

See why broad delete patterns are blocked in the lab.

Core 7 minutes · find, rm, ls
12 Files and paths Path normalization

Use dot and dot-dot safely without leaving the simulated filesystem.

Core 7 minutes · stat, cd
13 Files and paths Script metadata

Inspect and update simulated script permissions.

Core 8 minutes · stat, chmod
14 Files and paths SSH file layout

Inspect common SSH files without making any network connection.

Core 7 minutes · ls, cat, stat
15 Files and paths Scratch workspace

Create a temporary lab area inside home and clean one file safely.

Core 8 minutes · mkdir, touch, rm
16 Files and paths Delimited file fields

Use cut to extract fields from account records.

Core 8 minutes · cut, cat
17 Files and paths Structured file fields

Compare awk and cut views of structured text.

Core 8 minutes · awk, cut
18 Files and paths Bulk name review

Use xargs and basename to review path lists.

Advanced 8 minutes · printf, xargs, basename
19 Files and paths Path reporting

Build a small report from path helper commands.

Advanced 8 minutes · dirname, basename, tee
20 Files and paths Filesystem checkpoint

Verify archive, checksum, and search habits.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · tar, sha256sum, find
21 Files and paths Backup manifest review

Read a backup manifest before touching archive files.

Admin 8 minutes · cat, grep, stat
22 Files and paths Backup archive create

Create and list a small training backup archive.

Admin 8 minutes · tar, sha256sum
23 Files and paths Restore drill

Restore into a review folder before touching live paths.

Admin 8 minutes · cp, diff, stat
24 Files and paths Archive verification

List archive contents and compare checksums before trusting a backup.

Admin 8 minutes · tar, sha256sum, cat
25 Files and paths Checksum compare

Hash source and restored files to confirm they match.

Admin 8 minutes · sha256sum, cp
26 Files and paths Symlink inventory

Create, read, and inspect links before relying on them.

Admin 8 minutes · ln, readlink, stat
27 Files and paths Glob safety preview

List and find targets before deleting broad patterns.

Admin 8 minutes · find, ls, rm
28 Files and paths Temp cleanup review

Inspect temporary paths before cleanup decisions.

Admin 8 minutes · ls, stat, test
29 Files and paths File type inspection

Identify files, directories, links, and text before acting on them.

Core 8 minutes · file, stat
30 Files and paths Canonical path review

Turn relative and linked paths into stable absolute locations.

Core 8 minutes · realpath, pwd
31 Files and paths Temporary workspaces

Create bounded temporary files and directories for disposable work.

Core 8 minutes · mktemp, ls
32 Files and paths Sorted inventory comparison

Compare two sorted account inventories without modifying either file.

Core 8 minutes · comm, cat
33 Files and paths Restore copy verification

Copy a restore candidate and compare it with its source.

Admin 8 minutes · cp, diff, sha256sum
34 Files and paths Symlink chain audit

Create a link, inspect its stored target, and resolve the final path.

Admin 8 minutes · ln, readlink, realpath
35 Files and paths Archive manifest workflow

Create an archive, list its members, and hash the artifact.

Admin 8 minutes · tar, sha256sum
36 Files and paths Files and paths bridge

Checkpoint file type, canonical path, inventory comparison, and integrity checks.

Capstone Checkpoint 8 minutes · file, realpath, comm, sha256sum
Command coverage

Commands you will practice here.

pwd

Print the current working directory.

ls [-la] [path]

List lab files and folders.

cd [path]

Change directories inside the lab filesystem.

printf <text>

Print formatted training text.

mkdir <name>

Create a folder.

touch <file>

Create an empty file.

cat <file>

Print text file contents.

grep [-i] <text> <file>

Find literal text inside a file.

awk '{print $N}' <file>

Print a whitespace-delimited field.

cut -d <char> -f <n>

Extract delimited fields from text.

tee <file>

Write piped text to a lab file and keep it on screen.

xargs echo|basename

Turn piped words into safe command arguments.

diff <left> <right>

Compare two lab text files.

sha256sum <file>

Print a deterministic training checksum.

find [path] [-name text]

Search lab filesystem paths.

file <path>

Identify a simulated file, directory, link, or text format.

realpath <path>

Resolve a path to its canonical simulated location.

mktemp [-d] [template]

Create a bounded temporary file or directory inside the training lab.

comm <left> <right>

Compare two sorted text files line by line.

basename|dirname <path>

Split paths into file and directory parts.

readlink <link>

Inspect a simulated symbolic link target.

test -e|-f|-d <path>

Check path type in a training-friendly way.

tar -cf|-tf <archive>

Create and list training archives.

ln -s <target> <link>

Create a simulated symbolic link.

cp <src> <dst>

Copy a file.

mv <src> <dst>

Move or rename a file.

rm <file>

Remove one lab file with safeguards.

chmod <mode> <path>

Change a simulated numeric permission mode.

stat <path>

Show lab file details.

lsof

Show simulated files and sockets opened by services.

df|du|free|uptime

Inspect training resource and system health.